Module A : Group
2
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Module A |
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Group
1 |
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Code
121 |
COMMERCIAL AND
INDUSTRIAL LAWS
OBJECTIVE
To provide thorough knowledge of the law of
contract, sales of goods, agency and the legal
mechanisms for removing commercial disputes,
together with a general understanding of other
commercial laws which are of importance to
business.
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SECTION - 1 |
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COMMERCIAL LAW |
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( 50 Marks ) |
Law of Contract:
Nature and kinds of contracts; essentials of
contract; agreement, offer or proposal,
acceptance, consideration. contractual terms;
representation, conditions, warranties.
Privities of contracts; exempted clauses,
mistakes, misrepresentation and undue influence.
Flaws in contracts, flaw in capacity; flaws in
consent. Unlawful, void able and void agreements
and contracts. Restitution Quasi-contracts:
performance and breach of contract. Doctrines of
Frustration; Remedies for breach of contract.
Indemnity:
Contract of indemnity and guarantee. Rights of
surety, discharge of surety.
Agency:
Definition, nature and general rules of agency,
appointment and formation of agency. Classes of
agents; factors, brokers, estate agents, del-credite
agents, bankers, auctioneers. Duties and rights
of agent. Delegation of authority. Scope and
extent of agent’s authority. Responsibilities of
principal to third parties. Personal liability
of agents to third parties. Liability for
unauthorized acts in case of undisclosed and
non-existent principal. Termination of agency.
Creation of agency by estoppels. Contracts
relating to futures and derivatives.
Sale of Goods:
Nature and definition of contract for sale and
agreement to sell future goods. Distinction
between sale and contracts of supply, for
example, contracts for work and materials, of
barter and of hire including the supply of
goods. Contracts of bailment and pledge.
Formation of contract of sale. Performance of
the contract. Subject matter of contract; price
and terms, express and implied conditions and
warranties. Passing of property in goods; risk
and frustration. Exempted clauses; acceptance
and rejection of goods. Transfer of title by
non-owners. Duties and rights of parties.
Remedies of buyer and seller. Suits for breach
of contract. Auction sales. Repudiation of
contract before due date, exclusion of implied
terms and conditions.
Partnership:
Nature of partnership, relationship between
partners and relation to third parties. Rights,
duties and liabilities of existing, incoming,
outgoing partners & minor partners. Registration
of firm and its dissolution procedure
Negotiable Instruments:
An outline of law relating to promissory notes,
bills of exchange, bank drafts, cheques, inland
and foreign instruments, duties of bankers in
relation thereto, negotiation, acceptance,
presentment, dishonor, discharge and
compensation. Implications of dishonor of a
cheque issued.
Resolving Commercial
Disputes:
The general nature of and problems associated
with commercial litigation and arbitration,
payments into court and without prejudice
offers. The Arbitration Act: Nature, principles
and procedure.
General Principle of
Consumer Credit:
The general nature of hire purchase, conditional
sale, obligations of the creditor in relation to
the quantity etc. of the goods: the creditor’s
liability, the general principles in relation to
consumer credit. Licensing. Outline of the
remedies of the debtor and the creditor.
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SECTION - 2 |
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INDUSTRIAL LAW |
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( 50 Marks ) |
OBJECTIVE
To develop understanding of the various
industrial laws affecting industry and business
so as to enable the use of knowledge in
formulating plans for operational and long term
decisions.
SYLLABUS
Employment and
Remuneration Laws:
The legal test determining the distance
of the employer and employee
relationship. The employment contract of
various nature. The collective agreement
and its legal effect. Statutory rights
under the provisions of West Pakistan
Industrial and Commercial Employment
(Standing Orders) Ordinance, 1968 and
West Pakistan Shop and Establishment
Ordinance and Rules 1969 regarding
working terms, holidays, attendance,
leave, group insurance, bonus, stoppage
of work, dismissal and termination of
employment, redundancy and retrenchment
and re-employment of retrenched workers.
Provisions of Factories Act, 1934
regarding working hours, holidays and
overtime, rest intervals, employment of
women, and children etc, main provisions
of Employment of Children Act 1991 and
Rules 1995. Statutory control of payment
of salaries and wages. Concept of equal
pay and minimum wages and Minimum Wages
Ordinance 1961. Provisions of Payment of
Wages Act, 1936 regarding definitions of
important terms, wage period and terms
of employment, responsibility for
payment of wages; wages council,
deductions and fines, claims for unpaid
wages etc.
Safety, Health
and Welfare:
Obligations
arising in torts, under safety and
allied legislation and social welfare.
An out line of unemployment and injury
benefits: Provisions of Factories Act,
1934 regarding health and safety:
Provisions of Workmen’s Compensation
Act, 1923 regarding definitions of
important terms, general and special
defenses and remedies available together
with the legal effects of fatal
accidents, report of fatal accidents and
injuries and medical examination etc,
employer’s liability for compensation,
amount of compensation, method of
calculating wages, review, commutations
and distribution of compensation.
Provisions of Provincial Social Security
Ordinance, 1965 regarding definitions of
important terms, amount and payment of
contributions, record and returns,
benefits including sickness and
maternity benefits, death grants,
disablement pension etc. Provisions of
Employees Old-Age Benefits Act, 1976
regarding payment of retiring benefits,
rates of contributions, calculation of
qualifying contribution period, records
and returns relating thereto. Provisions
relating to welfare of the workers under
Workers’ Welfare Fund Ordinance1971 and
Rules 1976; and Companies Profit
(Workers’ Participation) Act, 1968 and
Rules 1971, Workers’ Children
(Education) Ordinance 1972 and Bonded
Labor System (Abolition) Act 1972.
Trade Unions
and Industrial Relations:
Trade
unions their legal aspect and status,
legal effect of the Rules Book
Membership and expulsion, trade dispute
and trade immunities picketing, strikes
and lock-outs. Provisions of Industrial
Relation Ordinance, 2002 regarding
Collective Bargaining Agent, machinery
for the settlement of disputes,
conciliation and arbitration, discipline
and grievance procedures. Worker’s
participation and dispute resolution:
labor courts, Labor Appellate Tribunals,
National Industrial Relations
Commission, authorities, decisions,
settlement and awards, penalties and
procedures.
|
Module A |
|
Group
2 |
|
Code
122 |
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
OBJECTIVE
To provide understanding of Information
Technology and to enhance skills in the
analysis, design and implementation of
information systems.
SYLLABUS
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SECTION - 1 |
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MANAGEMENT OF SYSTEMS |
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( 50 Marks ) |
System Theory:
Systems characteristics, systems cycle,
boundaries and environment, open and
closed systems, feed-back and
feed-forward, adaptability and change.
Cybernetic principle: concepts of
control and requisite variety,
communication and information theory,
information and decision making, degree
of aggregating; internal/external,
quantitative /qualitative,
deterministic/probabilistic,
programmable / non-programmable.
Management
Information Systems:
Strategy
for MIS design; information for
strategic, tactical and operational
systems, distributed and centralized
procession. MIS and the personal
distributed and centralized procession,
MIS and the personal computer. Computer
based simulation models. Data base
aspects of MIS. The management of
information technology project.
System Analysis
and Design:
Systems investigations, principle and
practice. Systems feasibility studies
and the evaluation of information
technology based project. Design process
for input. Files and data, forms codes
and user procedures. Standards and
documentation. Systems review staff. The
creation, changeover and implementation
post systems review. Staff training and
development.
Management
Aspects:
Organizational structure and information
technology. The management of
technological change. Financial
management controls of computer
operation. Internal audit and control,
data protection and privacy, legal and
social aspects of information
technology. Using consultants, sources
of advice and assistance. Legal aspects
of systems and software acquisition.
|
SECTION - 2 |
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INFORMATION SYSTEMS |
|
( 50 Marks ) |
Information
Concepts:
The nature of data and information.
Information attributes, relevance,
timeliness and accuracy. Basic
processing methods for voice, data, text
and image. Basic processing
organization: batch, on-line,
interactive, distributed and
centralized. Concept of files; its
types, structure and organization.
Elementary data base concepts.
Hardware:
Input
equipment for batch and on-line
processing data capture methods
including documentation. Output
including printed, displayed and COM
Processors. Basic architecture,
micro-processors, operating systems,
ROM, RAM. Comparison of micro, mini and
mainframe systems. Performance
evaluation. Secondary storage methods
and devices.
Communication:
Wide Area Networks. Data transmission
methods; digital/analog, methods,
multiplexers and telecoms hardware,
satellite. Local Area Networks.
Topography; star, ring, bus and method
of operation, implications for office
organization, the electronic office.
Introduction to e-commerce; definition,
payments by cards, ATMs, other methods
of collection of cash.
Software
Languages:
Types
(machine, low/high level, 4th GL),
computer interpreter. Compiler and
assembler. Operating systems, utilities,
housekeeping and sub-routines. Packages;
uses of and application areas, legal
aspects. Programming, flowcharts,
decision tables, structure of and
principles of good practice. Programming
using the BASIC Language and Oracle.
Organization:
DP staff
analysis; designers, programmers,
operators, data control, librarian. DP
controls; vet and validation, internal
controls, standards and documentation.
Systems design cycle (in outline only):
the user; role in IT, liaison,
self-design, training and staff
development.
